{"id":21500,"date":"2026-09-07T08:18:25","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T04:48:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/%d8%a2%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b4-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%b1%d8%b3%db%8c-%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d9%84%d8%a7%da%af-%d8%af%d8%b1-var-log-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3\/"},"modified":"2026-09-08T14:18:27","modified_gmt":"2026-09-08T10:48:27","slug":"linux-var-log-files","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/linux-var-log-files\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u06af \u062f\u0631 \/var\/log \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc <strong><code>Linux(\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633) \/var\/log<\/code><\/strong> \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u060c Service \u06cc\u0627 Application \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Login \u0648 Authentication<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SSH<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kernel<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Boot<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cron Jobs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mail Server<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Web Server<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Database<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Firewall<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>System Services<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 Subdirectory\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f Filesystem \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u060c <code>\/var<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 <code>\/var\/log<\/code> \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc Log \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 <code>systemd<\/code> \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 Log\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 ASCII Text \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 <code>\/var\/log<\/code> \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 Log\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>systemd-journald<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062c\u0645\u0639\u200c\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>journalctl<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 <code>\/var\/log<\/code>\u060c \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 Distribution(\u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639)\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc <code>\/var\/log<\/code> \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -lah \/var\/log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 Distribution \u0648 Service\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0635\u0628\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>auth.log\nboot.log\nbtmp\ncron\njournal\/\nkern.log\nlastlog\nmail.log\nmessages\nsecure\nsyslog\nwtmp\n\napache2\/\nhttpd\/\nnginx\/\nmysql\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 Server \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 Ubuntu \u0648 AlmaLinux \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 Application\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0635\u0628\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f Subdirectory\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 <code>\/var\/log<\/code> \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. Red Hat \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u0623\u06a9\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc Log\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 Service\u0647\u0627 \u0648 Application\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0635\u0628\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 Log\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -lh \/var\/log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 Subdirectory\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>tree \/var\/log\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -lah \/var\/log | less<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -lht \/var\/log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 Troubleshooting \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 Log \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u062e \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a Log\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 Ubuntu\/Debian \u0648 RHEL<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc Log \u0628\u06cc\u0646 Distribution\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 Log<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Ubuntu \/ Debian<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">RHEL \/ AlmaLinux \/ Rocky Linux<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">System Log \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/var\/log\/syslog<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/var\/log\/messages<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Authentication<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/var\/log\/auth.log<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/var\/log\/secure<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Kernel<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/var\/log\/kern.log<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 Journal<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/var\/log\/messages<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 Journal<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Mail<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/var\/log\/mail.log<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/var\/log\/maillog<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Cron<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 <code>syslog<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/var\/log\/cron<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Boot<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Journal \/ \u0628\u0639\u0636\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 <code>boot.log<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/var\/log\/boot.log<\/code> \/ Journal<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ubuntu \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/log\/syslog<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc System Log \u0648:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/log\/auth.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Authentication \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 RHEL \u0648 Distribution\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u060c Red Hat \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 Log\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/log\/messages\n\/var\/log\/secure\n\/var\/log\/maillog\n\/var\/log\/cron\n\/var\/log\/boot.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>tail \/var\/log\/auth.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0648\u06cc AlmaLinux \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>No such file or directory<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a Logging \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 Distribution \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>tail \/var\/log\/secure<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627 Journal \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u062a <code>\/var\/log<\/code> \u062f\u0631 ubuntu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"191\" src=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ubuntu-var-log-ls-1024x191.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21561\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ubuntu-var-log-ls-1024x191.webp 1024w, https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ubuntu-var-log-ls-300x56.webp 300w, https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ubuntu-var-log-ls-768x143.webp 768w, https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ubuntu-var-log-ls.webp 1328w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u062a <code>\/var\/log<\/code> \u062f\u0631 Almalinux:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"136\" src=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/alma-ls-var-log-1024x136.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21562\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/alma-ls-var-log-1024x136.webp 1024w, https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/alma-ls-var-log-300x40.webp 300w, https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/alma-ls-var-log-768x102.webp 768w, https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/alma-ls-var-log.webp 1333w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 <code>\/var\/log\/syslog<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 Ubuntu \u0648 Debian \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc System Log \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/log\/syslog<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f Event\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 System \u0648 Service\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo tail \/var\/log\/syslog<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Sep 07 09:14:15 server systemd&#91;1]: Started example.service\nSep 07 09:14:19 server cron&#91;1240]: ...\nSep 07 09:14:21 server kernel: ...<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"332\" src=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ubuntu-tail-syslog-1024x332.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21563\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ubuntu-tail-syslog-1024x332.webp 1024w, https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ubuntu-tail-syslog-300x97.webp 300w, https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ubuntu-tail-syslog-768x249.webp 768w, https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ubuntu-tail-syslog.webp 1337w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 100 \u062e\u0637 \u0622\u062e\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo tail -n 100 \/var\/log\/syslog<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 Live:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo tail -f \/var\/log\/syslog<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>tail -f<\/code> \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo tail -f \/var\/log\/syslog<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 Service \u06cc\u0627 Application \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 <code>\/var\/log\/messages<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 RHEL\u060c AlmaLinux \u0648 Rocky Linux \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b System Message\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/log\/messages<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"193\" src=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/alma-var-log-messages-tail-1024x193.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21564\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/alma-var-log-messages-tail-1024x193.webp 1024w, https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/alma-var-log-messages-tail-300x57.webp 300w, https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/alma-var-log-messages-tail-768x145.webp 768w, https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/alma-var-log-messages-tail.webp 1339w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo tail -n 100 \/var\/log\/messages<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Red Hat \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 Syslog Message\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 Log\u0647\u0627\u06cc Authentication\u060c Mail\u060c Cron \u0648 Boot \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 Log:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo tail -f \/var\/log\/messages<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 <code>\/var\/log\/auth.log<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 Ubuntu \u0648 Debian:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/log\/auth.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Event\u0647\u0627\u06cc Authentication \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SSH Login\nFailed SSH Login\nsudo\nPAM\nUser Authentication<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo tail -n 100 \/var\/log\/auth.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 SSH Event\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo grep sshd \/var\/log\/auth.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ubuntu \u0646\u06cc\u0632 <code>auth.log<\/code> \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 Log\u0647\u0627\u06cc SSH \u0648 Authentication \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Failed password for root from 203.0.113.10 port 48122 ssh2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Accepted publickey for admin from 198.51.100.20 port 51244 ssh2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 Log \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc Attempt\u0647\u0627\u06cc Login \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 SSH \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 <code>\/var\/log\/secure<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c Authentication Log \u062f\u0631 RHEL-family:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/log\/secure<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo tail -n 100 \/var\/log\/secure<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc SSH:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo grep sshd \/var\/log\/secure<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Red Hat \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Security \u0648 Authentication Message\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Ubuntu \/ Debian\n\/var\/log\/auth.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>RHEL \/ AlmaLinux \/ Rocky Linux\n\/var\/log\/secure<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 <code>\/var\/log\/kern.log<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u06cc Debian\/Ubuntu System\u0647\u0627 Kernel Message\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/log\/kern.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo tail \/var\/log\/kern.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Disk errors\nNIC problems\nKernel warnings\nDriver errors\nOOM\nHardware events<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ubuntu \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc Log \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 Linux Kernel \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 Journal \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>journalctl -k<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>dmesg<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc Log\u0647\u0627\u06cc Boot<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 Distribution \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/log\/boot.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo less \/var\/log\/boot.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 systemd\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc Boot \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b Journal \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>journalctl -b<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Boot \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>journalctl -b -1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Boot \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/linux-journalctl-boot-errors\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/linux-journalctl-boot-errors\/\">\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc Boot \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0627 <code>journalctl -b<\/code><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc <code>journalctl<\/code> \u0646\u06cc\u0632:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/journalctl-command-guid\/\">\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 journalctl \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Log\u0647\u0627\u06cc Cron<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 Distribution\u0647\u0627\u06cc RHEL-family \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/log\/cron<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo tail -n 100 \/var\/log\/cron<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 Ubuntu\/Debian \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a Cron \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/log\/syslog<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>grep CRON \/var\/log\/syslog<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a Ubuntu \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc Cron Job\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0631 <code>syslog<\/code> \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 Cron:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/comprehensive-cron-tutorial\/\">\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 cron<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Log\u0647\u0627\u06cc Mail<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0648\u06cc Mail Server \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/log\/mail.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 Debian\/Ubuntu \u06cc\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/log\/maillog<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 RHEL-family \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo tail -f \/var\/log\/maillog<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo tail -f \/var\/log\/mail.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SMTP Connection\nMail Delivery\nAuthentication\nRejected Message\nMail Queue\nRemote Server Error<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 Mail Server \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exim\u060c Postfix \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 MTA\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc Log \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Log\u0647\u0627\u06cc Web Server<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Application\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f Subdirectory \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 <code>\/var\/log<\/code> \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b Apache \u062f\u0631 Ubuntu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/log\/apache2\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>access.log\nerror.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. Ubuntu \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Apache \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo tail -f \/var\/log\/apache2\/error.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 RHEL-family \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 Apache \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/log\/httpd\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Red Hat \u0646\u06cc\u0632 <code>\/var\/log\/httpd\/<\/code> \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 Subdirectory \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 Service \u062f\u0631 <code>\/var\/log<\/code> \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Nginx \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/log\/nginx\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo tail -f \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Log\u0647\u0627\u06cc Database<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 Database Server \u0648 (\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a)Configuration \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a Directory\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/log\/mysql\/\n\/var\/log\/mariadb\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f MySQL \u06cc\u0627 MariaDB \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 Log \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc Log \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 Database Server \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a Error Log \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>journalctl -u mariadb<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>journalctl -u mysql<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0647\u0645\u0647 Log\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 <code>\/var\/log<\/code> \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631 Hosting Environment \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 Application Log \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/home\/user\/application\/logs\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/opt\/application\/log\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 Directory \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u067e\u0646\u0644 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 Service\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 systemd \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b Text Log \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 Output \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>systemd-journald<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062c\u0645\u0639\u200c\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 log \u062f\u0631 <code>\/var\/log<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f log \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0646\u0642\u0634 systemd-journald<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u060c Service \u0632\u06cc\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>systemd-journald<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0632 Logging \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>journald<\/code> \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kernel<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Boot<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Service stdout\/stderr<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Syslog<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u200c\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. Red Hat \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 <code>systemd-journald<\/code> \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u200c\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc rsyslog \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0634 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0647 rsyslog \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 Log \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>journalctl<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><code>\/var\/log\/journal<\/code> \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 Persistent Journal \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c systemd \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f Journal \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/log\/journal\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 Journal \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a Volatile \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c Log\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/run\/log\/journal\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 Reboot \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a systemd \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Persistent \u0648 Volatile Storage \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 volatile \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 ram \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 reboot \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a disk \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 persistent \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -lah \/var\/log\/journal<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 Directory \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0646 Journal \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/run\/log\/journal<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 logging \u062f\u0631 journal \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 <code>\/etc\/systemd\/journal.conf<\/code> \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 storage \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>systemd-analyze cat-config systemd\/journald.conf | grep -i Storage<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06f3 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Storage \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code>Storage=auto<\/code><\/strong>: \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a disk \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>Storage=persistent<\/code><\/strong>: \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u062a log \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 journal \u062f\u0631 <code>\/var\/log\/journal<\/code> \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code>Storage=persistent<\/code><\/strong>: \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u062a log \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 reboot \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc <code>.journal<\/code> \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 cat \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/log\/journal\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0642\u06cc\u0647 Log\u0647\u0627 ascii Text \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 <code>file<\/code> \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc <code>.journal<\/code> \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"75\" src=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/journal-file-form-1024x75.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21567\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/journal-file-form-1024x75.webp 1024w, https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/journal-file-form-300x22.webp 300w, https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/journal-file-form-768x56.webp 768w, https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/journal-file-form.webp 1329w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u06cc\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc <code>.log<\/code> \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"475\" height=\"98\" src=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/secure-log-file-type.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21568\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/secure-log-file-type.webp 475w, https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/secure-log-file-type-300x62.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 475px) 100vw, 475px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cat \/var\/log\/journal\/...\/*.journal<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>journalctl<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Service \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>journalctl -u sshd<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 Log \u0628\u0627 <code>less<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cat<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cat \/var\/log\/syslog<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 Log \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0635\u062f \u0645\u06af\u0627\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc Output \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>less \/var\/log\/syslog<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 <code>less<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Space       \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\nb           \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\n\/word       \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\nn           \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc\nq           \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo less \/var\/log\/auth.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u067e\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 <code>less<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/Failed<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0648 \u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 Failed \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u06cc Log \u0628\u0627 head<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>head \/var\/log\/syslog<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>head -n 50 \/var\/log\/syslog<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc File Format \u06cc\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 Event\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u062e\u0631 Log \u0628\u0627 tail<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 Troubleshooting \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 Event\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 50 \u062e\u0637 \u0622\u062e\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>tail -n 50 \/var\/log\/syslog<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>tail -n 100 \/var\/log\/messages<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 Live Log<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 Entry\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>tail -f \/var\/log\/syslog<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>tail -f \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Terminal 1:\ntail -f \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log\n\nTerminal 2:\ncurl https:\/\/example.com<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 Web Server \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 Request \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Ctrl + C<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 Log<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>grep \"error\" \/var\/log\/syslog<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Case-insensitive Search:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>grep -i \"error\" \/var\/log\/syslog<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f Pattern:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>grep -Ei \"error|failed|critical|warning\" \/var\/log\/syslog<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u0641\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc Log\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 <code>grep<\/code> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/grep-linux-logs-errors\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/grep-linux-logs-errors\/\">\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0627 <code>grep<\/code><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Log\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0648 Rotate \u0634\u062f\u0647<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062f\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>syslog\nsyslog.1\nsyslog.2.gz\nsyslog.3.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>messages\nmessages-20260901<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 Log Rotation \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u200c<code>ls -lh \/var\/log\/*log*[1-9]*<\/code> \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 log \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06f1 \u062a\u0627 \u06f9 \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0632 log rotation\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u062a <code>.log<\/code> \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"824\" height=\"309\" src=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/seeing-rotated-logs.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21570\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/seeing-rotated-logs.webp 824w, https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/seeing-rotated-logs-300x113.webp 300w, https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/seeing-rotated-logs-768x288.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 824px) 100vw, 824px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u062f\u0641 Rotation \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f Log File\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 Text \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>less \/var\/log\/syslog.1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0641\u0634\u0631\u062f\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>zless \/var\/log\/syslog.2.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0641\u0634\u0631\u062f\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>zgrep -i error \/var\/log\/syslog.2.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/linux-logrotate-guide\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/linux-logrotate-guide\/\">\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0634 \u0644\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0627 <code>logrotate<\/code><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc wtmp\u060c btmp \u0648 lastlog<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 File\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 <code>\/var\/log<\/code> \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/log\/wtmp\n\/var\/log\/btmp\n\/var\/log\/lastlog<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cat<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc wtmp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>wtmp<\/code> \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a Login Session\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>last<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>admin    pts\/0    192.0.2.15    Sun Sep 7 09:20\nroot     pts\/1    198.51.100.5  Sun Sep 7 08:55<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc btmp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>btmp<\/code> \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a Login Failure \u0631\u0627 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo lastb<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 Command \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc Attempt\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 Login \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc lastlog<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 Login \u0647\u0631 User:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>lastlog<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>wtmp    \u2192 last\nbtmp    \u2192 lastb\nlastlog \u2192 lastlog<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Permission \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc Log<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0639\u0636\u06cc Log\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>root<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627 Group\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cat \/var\/log\/secure<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Permission denied<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo less \/var\/log\/secure<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 Log\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 777 \/var\/log\/secure<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u062d\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc Permission \u06cc\u06a9 Log<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 Owner \u0648 Permission:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -l \/var\/log\/auth.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>stat \/var\/log\/auth.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-rw-r----- 1 syslog adm 124K Sep 7 10:22 \/var\/log\/auth.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Owner\nGroup\nPermissions\nSize\nModification Time<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 Log\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u062c\u06cc\u0645<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f Log\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u062a \u067e\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0646 Disk \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>du -sh \/var\/log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc Subdirectory\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>du -h --max-depth=1 \/var\/log | sort -h<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo du -ah \/var\/log | sort -rh | head -20<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u062c\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -lhS \/var\/log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 Directory \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 Size \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0647\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/%d9%be%db%8c%d8%af%d8%a7-%da%a9%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%86-%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%ad%d8%ac%db%8c%d9%85-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3\/\">\u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u062c\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06cc\u06a9 Log \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>du -sh \/var\/log\/*<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>15G \/var\/log\/example.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0686\u0647 Service\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0686\u0631\u0627 Log \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0631\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0622\u06cc\u0627 <code>logrotate<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0622\u06cc\u0627 Application \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f Log File \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>tail -n 100 \/var\/log\/example.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 Error \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0630\u0641 Log \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 Disk \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 Log \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 Process \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 Log \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u06af\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc Disk \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Process \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 File Descriptor \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06af\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>lsof<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo lsof +L1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 Delete \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0644\u06cc Process \u0647\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u06af\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u067e\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc Disk \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0641\u0627 \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 Log \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Log \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">SSH Login<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/var\/log\/auth.log<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 <code>\/var\/log\/secure<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">sudo \/ Authentication<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>auth.log<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 <code>secure<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">System Error<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>syslog<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 <code>messages<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Kernel<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>kern.log<\/code>, <code>dmesg<\/code>, <code>journalctl -k<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Boot<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>journalctl -b<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Cron<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>syslog<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 <code>\/var\/log\/cron<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Apache<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/var\/log\/apache2\/<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 <code>\/var\/log\/httpd\/<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Nginx<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/var\/log\/nginx\/<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Mail<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>mail.log<\/code>, <code>maillog<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 MTA-specific logs<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">systemd Service<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>journalctl -u SERVICE<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Disk Full<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/var\/log<\/code> size + <code>df<\/code> + <code>du<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc Log \u0628\u0647 Distribution \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc: SSH Login \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 Ubuntu Server \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 (\u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 console \u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 session \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo tail -f \/var\/log\/auth.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 Client \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 Login \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Failed password for user from 203.0.113.15<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>User test not allowed because account is locked<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 AlmaLinux\/Rocky Linux \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo tail -f \/var\/log\/secure<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 Error \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc: Service \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u06cc\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>systemctl start example.service<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>systemctl status example.service<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u067e\u0633:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>journalctl -u example.service<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f Application Log:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>tail -n 100 \/var\/log\/example\/example.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062f\u0631 Journal \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062f\u0631 Application Log \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a Service\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/comprehensive-guide-to-systemctl\/\">\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 systemctl<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Journal:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/journalctl-command-guid\/\">\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 journalctl \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc: Server \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 Reboot \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u06cc File\u0647\u0627\u06cc <code>\/var\/log<\/code> \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>journalctl -b<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Error\u0647\u0627\u06cc Boot:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>journalctl -b -p err<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Boot \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f Persistent Journal:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>journalctl -b -1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 Scenario \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/linux-journalctl-boot-errors\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/linux-journalctl-boot-errors\/\">\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc Boot \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0627 <code>journalctl -b<\/code><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc: Disk \u067e\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>df -h<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 Partition \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 <code>\/var<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 <code>\/<\/code> \u067e\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo du -h --max-depth=1 \/var | sort -h<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo du -h --max-depth=1 \/var\/log | sort -h<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 Log\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 Log\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 Service\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0622\u06cc\u0627 logrotate \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/df-command-guid\/\">\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 df \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/du-command-guid\/\">\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 du \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a File Log \u0648 Journal<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Traditional Log<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">systemd Journal<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b Text File<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Binary Journal Format<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 <code>\/var\/log<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/var\/log\/journal<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 <code>\/run\/log\/journal<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>less<\/code>, <code>tail<\/code>, <code>grep<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>journalctl<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Application\/rsyslog-based<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">systemd-journald<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 Filter \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 Unit\u060c Boot\u060c Priority \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 Server \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/log\/messages<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>journalctl<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 Service \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><code>\/var\/log<\/code> \u0648 Filesystem Hierarchy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f <code>\/var\/log<\/code> \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc Linux Filesystem \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>\/var<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Variable Data \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f Log\u0647\u0627\u060c Cache\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f Filesystem Hierarchy \u0646\u06cc\u0632 <code>\/var\/log<\/code> \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Log File\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 Linux:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/linux-filesystem-hierarchy-fhs\/\">FHS\u061b \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc <code>\/var\/log<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0647 Distribution\u0647\u0627 <code>syslog<\/code> \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0648\u06cc RHEL-family \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/log\/messages<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0647 Distribution\u0647\u0627 <code>auth.log<\/code> \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 RHEL-family \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/log\/secure<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 cat \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Log \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0647\u200c\u062c\u0627\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cat huge.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>less huge.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>tail -n 100 huge.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 <code>.journal<\/code> \u0628\u0627 cat<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Journal \u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>journalctl<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 Log \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u062a \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0622\u0646<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 Error \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 Entry \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Permission \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 777 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 Log<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 Permission \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06cc Log \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 Log Rotation \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u062d\u0630\u0641 Error \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>.log.1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>.gz<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 Troubleshooting \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Problem occurred around:\n2026-09-07 10:30<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 Log \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0635\u062f \u0647\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0637 Log \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Workflow \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc Log\u0647\u0627<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 Linux Server \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 Workflow \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Identify the problem\n        \u2193\nDetermine exact time\n        \u2193\nIdentify affected service\n        \u2193\nCheck \/var\/log\n        \u2193\nCheck distribution-specific log\n        \u2193\nCheck journalctl\n        \u2193\nSearch error \/ failed \/ warning\n        \u2193\nReproduce the problem\n        \u2193\nWatch log in real time\n        \u2193\nFix root cause<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u06af\u0631 SSH \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Ubuntu\/Debian\n      \u2193\n\/var\/log\/auth.log\n\nRHEL-family\n      \u2193\n\/var\/log\/secure<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 systemd Service \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>systemctl status\n      \u2193\njournalctl -u service\n      \u2193\nApplication-specific log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc <code>\/var\/log<\/code><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0647\u062f\u0641<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 Log\u0647\u0627<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>ls -lah \/var\/log<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>ls -lht \/var\/log<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 Log<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>less \/var\/log\/syslog<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">100 \u062e\u0637 \u0622\u062e\u0631<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>tail -n 100 FILE<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 Live<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>tail -f FILE<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc Error<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>grep -i error FILE<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc Compress\u0634\u062f\u0647<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>zless FILE.gz<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648 \u062f\u0631 <code>.gz<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>zgrep -i error FILE.gz<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u06a9\u0644 Log\u0647\u0627<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>du -sh \/var\/log<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062d\u062c\u0645 Subdirectory\u0647\u0627<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>du -h --max-depth=1 \/var\/log<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u06cc Open<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>lsof +L1<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Journal<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>journalctl<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Kernel Journal<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>journalctl -k<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Boot \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>journalctl -b<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/journalctl-command-guid\/\">\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 journalctl \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/comprehensive-guide-to-systemctl\/\">\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 systemctl<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/comprehensive-cron-tutorial\/\">\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 cron<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/df-command-guid\/\">\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 df \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/du-command-guid\/\">\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 du \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/linux-filesystem-hierarchy-fhs\/\">FHS\u061b \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u06cc<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/grep-linux-logs-errors\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/grep-linux-logs-errors\/\">\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0627 <code>grep<\/code><\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/linux-logrotate-guide\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/linux-logrotate-guide\/\">\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0686\u0631\u062e\u0634 \u0644\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0627 <code>logrotate<\/code><\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/linux-journalctl-boot-errors\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/linux-journalctl-boot-errors\/\">\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc Boot \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0627 <code>journalctl -b<\/code><\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man7\/hier.7.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Linux filesystem hierarchy manual<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man8\/systemd-journald.8.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">systemd-journald documentation<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.redhat.com\/en\/documentation\/red_hat_enterprise_linux\/10\/html\/risk_reduction_and_recovery_operations\/troubleshooting-problems-by-using-log-files\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Red Hat \u2013 Troubleshooting problems by using log files<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/help.ubuntu.com\/community\/LinuxLogFiles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ubuntu \u2013 Linux Log Files<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062c\u0645\u0639\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 Log\u0647\u0627\u06cc System \u0648 Application \u062f\u0631 Linux \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 Distribution \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 Ubuntu\/Debian \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/log\/syslog\n\/var\/log\/auth.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 RHEL\u060c AlmaLinux \u0648 Rocky Linux \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/log\/messages\n\/var\/log\/secure<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 <code>\/var\/log<\/code>\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>systemd-journald<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>journalctl<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u061b \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u06cc Service\u0647\u0627 Log \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 Text \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 Troubleshooting \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 <strong>\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u060c Service \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u0648 Distribution \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631<\/strong> \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 Log \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>less\ntail\ngrep\njournalctl<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc Error\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 <code>grep<\/code>\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc Boot \u0628\u0627 <code>journalctl -b<\/code> \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a Log Rotation \u0628\u0627 <code>logrotate<\/code> \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc Linux(\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633) \/var\/log \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u060c Service \u06cc\u0627 Application \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f: \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 Subdirectory\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644: \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f Filesystem \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u060c \/var \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \/var\/log [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":21507,"parent":17706,"menu_order":49,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-21500","docs","type-docs","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"author_avatar":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/07f927ddc7a7089c6ee50ce1ba04623d.jpg?ver=1790026980","author_name":"Ali Mahdie","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/21500","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21500"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/21500\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21573,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/21500\/revisions\/21573"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/17706"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21507"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21500"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=21500"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}