{"id":20952,"date":"2026-08-23T23:42:28","date_gmt":"2026-08-23T20:12:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa-smtp-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3-%d8%a8%d9%87-%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%aa-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%af\/"},"modified":"2026-08-24T20:55:43","modified_gmt":"2026-08-24T17:25:43","slug":"linux-smtp-test","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/articles\/linux\/linux-smtp-test\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0633\u062a SMTP \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u062a\u0633\u062a SMTP \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/strong> \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 SMTP Server \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 SMTP \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a 25 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e SMTP \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <strong>STARTTLS<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u060c \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0648 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">SMTP \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SMTP \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 <strong>Simple Mail Transfer Protocol<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 <code>example.com<\/code> \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 SMTP Server \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u2192 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 SMTP \u2192 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u2192 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 SMTP Server \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f SMTP \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00ab\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a SMTP \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0646\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc SMTP \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0632 IP \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DNS \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 SMTP \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STARTTLS \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>IP \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0633\u062a SMTP \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0627 Netcat<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 TCP\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 <strong>Netcat \u06cc\u0627 nc<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a SMTP \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nc -vz mail.example.com 25\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc <code>mail.example.com<\/code> \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 IP \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nc -vz smtp.example.com 25\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Connection to smtp.example.com 25 port &#91;tcp\/smtp] succeeded!\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 TCP \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a 25 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 <code>nc<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 TCP \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 Connection refused \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Connection refused\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 TCP \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 SMTP \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 Connection timed out \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Connection timed out\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 <strong>Timeout \u0628\u0627 Refused \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 SMTP \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a Banner<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SMTP \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 <strong>Banner<\/strong> \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 <code>nc<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nc -v mail.example.com 25\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>220 mail.example.com ESMTP Postfix\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u062f\u062f <code>220<\/code> \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 SMTP \u0622\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>EHLO test.example.com\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0646\u06cc\u0632:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>QUIT\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>220 mail.example.com ESMTP\nEHLO test.example.com\n250-mail.example.com\n250-STARTTLS\n250-SIZE 52428800\n250-8BITMIME\nQUIT\n221 2.0.0 Bye\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f <code>STARTTLS<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a STARTTLS \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0633\u062a SMTP \u0628\u0627 Telnet<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 <code>telnet<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>telnet mail.example.com 25\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 Banner \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>220 mail.example.com ESMTP\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u067e\u0633:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>EHLO test.example.com\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>QUIT\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 Telnet \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>nc<\/code> \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0633\u062a STARTTLS \u0628\u0627 OpenSSL<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a SMTP \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 <strong>STARTTLS<\/strong> \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 OpenSSL \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>openssl s_client -starttls smtp -connect mail.example.com:25\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>openssl s_client -brief -starttls smtp -connect mail.example.com:25\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">OpenSSL \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 <code>-starttls smtp<\/code> \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc TLS \u0631\u0648\u06cc SMTP \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 TLS \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 TLS\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644 \u0648 Cipher \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>QUIT\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0633\u062a SMTP \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SMTP \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">25<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 SMTP \u0628\u06cc\u0646 Mail Server\u0647\u0627<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">587<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">465<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">SMTP \u0628\u0627 TLS \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a 587:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nc -vz mail.example.com 587\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0633\u062a STARTTLS:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>openssl s_client -starttls smtp -connect mail.example.com:587\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a 465 \u06a9\u0647 TLS \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>openssl s_client -connect mail.example.com:465\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Postfix \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 TLS \u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 SMTP\/TLS \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0633\u062a SMTP \u0628\u0647 IP \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u064b IP \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nc -vz 192.0.2.10 25\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0632 <strong>DNS<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nc -vz 192.0.2.10 25\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nc -vz mail.example.com 25\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f DNS \u06cc\u0627 Resolve \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc DNS \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0633\u062a SMTP<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 SMTP\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647 IP \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d Resolve \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>dig mail.example.com\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>host mail.example.com\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f SMTP \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f MX \u062f\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>dig MX example.com\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>example.com.    MX    10 mail.example.com.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c <code>mail.example.com<\/code> \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 SMTP \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>example.com\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 MX \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>dig MX example.com\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>10 mail.example.com.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u067e\u0633 IP \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>dig A mail.example.com\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a 25 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nc -vz mail.example.com 25\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f SMTP \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nc -v mail.example.com 25\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>EHLO test.example.com\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 <code>STARTTLS<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 TLS \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>openssl s_client -starttls smtp -connect mail.example.com:25\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a 25 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u061f<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u060c \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a 25 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nc -vz mail.example.com 25\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a Timeout \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0646\u062a\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a Provider<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc SMTP<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 IP \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645: <strong>\u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a 25 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<\/strong> \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0644<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nc -vz mail.example.com 25\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 <strong>\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 TCP \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 TCP \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u061b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Banner \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0634\u0648\u062f\u061b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SMTP \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e <code>250<\/code> \u0628\u062f\u0647\u062f\u061b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 <code>MAIL FROM<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 <code>RCPT TO<\/code> \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u062f \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a SMTP \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>DNS \u2192 TCP \u2192 SMTP \u2192 EHLO \u2192 STARTTLS \u2192 \u0627\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a\/\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u2192 MAIL FROM \u2192 RCPT TO \u2192 DATA \u2192 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u06cc\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627 Postfix \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 Postfix \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0644\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc Postfix \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u060c \u0644\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/log\/mail.log\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/var\/log\/maillog\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u06af:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>tail -f \/var\/log\/mail.log\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 Journal \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>journalctl -u postfix -f\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u062f Postfix \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Postfix \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc SMTP Client \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0644\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 TLS \u0648 STARTTLS \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a SMTP Client \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0686\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a SMTP \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f MX \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 <code>dig MX<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>IP \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a 25 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 <code>nc -vz<\/code> \u062a\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Banner \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u062f <code>220<\/code> \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 <code>EHLO<\/code> \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f <code>STARTTLS<\/code> \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>STARTTLS \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 <code>openssl s_client<\/code> \u062a\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a 587 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 SMTPS\u060c \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a 465 \u0631\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a Provider \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0646\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc SMTP \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>IP \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0644\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc Postfix \u06cc\u0627 MTA \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u00ab\u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u00bb \u0648 \u00ab\u062a\u062d\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0644\u00bb \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062c\u0645\u0639\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0633\u062a SMTP \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nc -vz mail.example.com 25\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>openssl s_client -starttls smtp -connect mail.example.com:25\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0647 SMTP Server \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 STARTTLS \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631. OpenSSL \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a STARTTLS \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc SMTP \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc Provider \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 SMTP\u060c \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0636\u062f\u0627\u0633\u067e\u0645 \u0648 \u0644\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc Mail Server \u0628\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0639\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 <strong>\u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u062d\u062f\u0633 \u0646\u0632\u0646\u06cc\u0645<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a SMTP \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 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