{"id":17832,"date":"2026-07-07T16:14:21","date_gmt":"2026-07-07T12:44:21","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2026-07-28T00:00:29","modified_gmt":"2026-07-27T20:30:29","slug":"the-chmod-command-in-linux","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/the-chmod-command-in-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 chmod \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 <code>chmod<\/code> \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a Permission \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 <code>-R<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <code>777<\/code>\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0641\u0634\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 Permission \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc Read\u060c Write \u0648 Execute<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0646 chmod<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>X<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc SetUID\u060c SetGID \u0648 Sticky Bit<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 chmod \u0628\u0627 ACL \u0648 umask<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0628\u200c\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 chmod \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 <code>chmod<\/code> \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 <strong>Change Mode<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 Permission \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod &#91;OPTIONS] MODE FILE\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 640 report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod u=rw,g=r,o= report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Owner: Read and Write\nGroup: Read Only\nOther users: No Access\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 Permission \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -l report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-rw-r----- 1 ali developers 2048 Jul 25 10:30 report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc Permission \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-rw-r-----\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-   rw-   r--   ---\n\u2502    \u2502     \u2502     \u2502\n\u2502    \u2502     \u2502     \u2514\u2500\u2500 Other users\n\u2502    \u2502     \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 Group\n\u2502    \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 Owner\n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 File type\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -ld \/srv\/project\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>drwxr-x--- 5 ali developers 4096 Jul 25 10:30 \/srv\/project\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0648\u0644 <code>d<\/code> \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 Directory \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>d = Directory\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0648\u0644 <code>-<\/code> \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>- = Regular file\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0627 stat<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>stat -c '%a %A %U %G %n' report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>640 -rw-r----- ali developers report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Numeric mode\nSymbolic mode\nOwner\nGroup\nFile name\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>stat -c '%a %A %U %G %n' \/srv\/project\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>750 drwxr-x--- ali developers \/srv\/project\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 Permission<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>u = User owner\ng = Group owner\no = Other users\na = All users\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u0631\u0641 <code>u<\/code> \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>u = User owner\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u0631\u0641 <code>g<\/code> \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>g = Group owner\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u0631\u0641 <code>o<\/code> \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0632 Permission \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>o = Other users\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u0631\u0641 <code>a<\/code> \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>a = User, Group, and Other\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>r = Read\nw = Write\nx = Execute\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0631\u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 Read<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 <code>r<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>r = Read file contents\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cat report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 Permission \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cat: report.txt: Permission denied\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 Write<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 <code>w<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>w = Modify file contents\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>echo \"New data\" &gt;&gt; report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 Permission \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a. \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0647 Permission \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 Execute<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 <code>x<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 Script \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>x = Execute the file\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>.\/backup.sh\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>bash: .\/backup.sh: Permission denied\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod +x backup.sh\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u06cc <code>r<\/code>\u060c <code>w<\/code> \u0648 <code>x<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 Read \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 <code>r<\/code> \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>r = List directory contents\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls \/srv\/project\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 Write \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 <code>w<\/code> \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 <code>x<\/code> \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Create files\nDelete files\nRename files\nCreate subdirectories\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 <code>w<\/code> \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 <code>x<\/code> \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 Execute \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 <code>x<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>x = Enter or traverse the directory\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cd \/srv\/project\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 <code>x<\/code> \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 Permission \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>r-- = List names but cannot access entries normally\n--x = Access known entries without listing all names\nr-x = List and access directory entries\n-wx = Create, delete, or rename entries without normal listing\nrwx = Full directory access\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc chmod<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0647\u0631 Permission \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632<\/th><th>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Read<\/td><td><code>4<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Write<\/td><td><code>2<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Execute<\/td><td><code>1<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>No Permission<\/td><td><code>0<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a Permission \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Permission<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>0<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>---<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>1<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>--x<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>2<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>-w-<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>3<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>-wx<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>4<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>r--<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>5<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>r-x<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>6<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>rw-<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>7<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>rwx<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0633\u0647\u200c\u0631\u0642\u0645\u06cc<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 Permission \u0633\u0647\u200c\u0631\u0642\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Owner\nGroup\nOther\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>640\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>6 = Owner: Read and Write\n4 = Group: Read Only\n0 = Other users: No Access\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 644<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 644 report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Owner: Read and Write\nGroup: Read Only\nOther users: Read Only\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-rw-r--r--\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0628\u200c\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 640<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 640 report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Owner: Read and Write\nGroup: Read Only\nOther users: No Access\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-rw-r-----\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 Permission \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 600<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 600 private-key\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Owner: Read and Write\nGroup: No Access\nOther users: No Access\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-rw-------\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SSH private keys\nPassword files\nAPI credentials\nPrivate configuration files\nBackup credentials\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 755<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 755 script.sh\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Owner: Read, Write, and Execute\nGroup: Read and Execute\nOther users: Read and Execute\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-rwxr-xr-x\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Script\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 750<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 750 script.sh\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Owner: Read, Write, and Execute\nGroup: Read and Execute\nOther users: No Access\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Script\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 755<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 755 \/srv\/project\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Owner: Full directory access\nGroup: List and enter\nOther users: List and enter\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>drwxr-xr-x\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 750<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 750 \/srv\/project\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Owner: Full directory access\nGroup: List and enter\nOther users: No Access\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>drwxr-x---\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 700<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 700 \/home\/ali\/private\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Owner: Full directory access\nGroup: No Access\nOther users: No Access\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 Permission \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 777 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0646\u0627\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 777 file\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Owner: Read, Write, and Execute\nGroup: Read, Write, and Execute\nOther users: Read, Write, and Execute\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Unauthorized file modification\nMalicious code injection\nFile deletion\nConfiguration manipulation\nWebsite defacement\nPrivilege escalation paths\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>777<\/code> \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc Permission \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0647\u200c\u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Permission \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ACL<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SELinux \u06cc\u0627 AppArmor<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Read-only \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0646 chmod<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>u = Owner\ng = Group\no = Other users\na = All users\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>+ = Add permission\n- = Remove permission\n= = Set exact permission\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Permission\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>r = Read\nw = Write\nx = Execute\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 Execute \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod u+x script.sh\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 Execute \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod a+x script.sh\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod +x script.sh\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -l script.sh\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-rwxr-xr-x 1 ali developers 512 Jul 25 10:30 script.sh\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u0630\u0641 Write \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod g-w report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u0630\u0641 Write \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod o-w report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u0630\u0641 Write \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod go-w report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 Permission<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 Permission \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod u=rw,g=r,o= report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Owner: Read and Write\nGroup: Read Only\nOther users: No Access\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 640 report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod u+rw,g+r,o-rwx report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Owner: Add Read and Write\nGroup: Add Read\nOther users: Remove all permissions\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u06a9\u067e\u06cc Permission \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 Permission \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u067e\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06a9\u067e\u06cc Permission \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod g=u report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06a9\u067e\u06cc Permission \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod o=g report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06a9\u067e\u06cc Permission \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod go=u report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a Permission \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 Permission \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 640 file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>stat -c '%a %n' file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>640 file1.txt\n640 file2.txt\n640 file3.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 Wildcard<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0646\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 640 *.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>printf '%s\\n' *.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wildcard \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0641\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 750 \/srv\/project\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 Permission \u062e\u0648\u062f \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc Permission<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 Permission \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod -R 750 \/srv\/project\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 <code>-R<\/code> \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 Recursive \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 <code>750<\/code> \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Target directory\nSubdirectories\nRegular files\nScripts\nConfiguration files\nImages\nDocuments\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0628\u0647 Permission \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 chmod -R \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 Permission \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod -R 755 \/var\/www\/example.com\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 Executable \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>PHP files: Executable\nHTML files: Executable\nImages: Executable\nConfiguration files: Executable\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f Execute \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>find \/var\/www\/example.com -type d -exec chmod 755 {} +\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>find \/var\/www\/example.com -type f -exec chmod 644 {} +\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Directories: 755\nFiles: 644\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>find \/srv\/project -type d -exec chmod 750 {} +\nfind \/srv\/project -type f -exec chmod 640 {} +\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc <code>chmod<\/code>\u060c \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>find \/srv\/project -type f -print\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>find \/srv\/project -type d -print\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 <code>-exec chmod<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0631\u0641 X \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u0631\u0641 <code>X<\/code> \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 Execute \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 Directory \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 Execute \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod -R a+rX \/srv\/project\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Adds Read to all users\nAdds Execute to directories\nPreserves executable status for existing executable files\nDoes not make normal files executable\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 Permission \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 <code>a+rx<\/code> \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f X<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>find \/srv\/project -maxdepth 2 -printf '%M %p\\n'\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u067e\u0633:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod -R u=rwX,g=rX,o= \/srv\/project\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Directories: Owner rwx, Group r-x, Other none\nRegular files: Owner rw-, Group r--, Other none\nExisting executable files: Execute preserved as allowed\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc GNU Coreutils \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod --preserve-root -R 750 \/srv\/project\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc Recursive \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 <code>\/<\/code> \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0646\u0627\u06a9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo chmod -R 777 \/\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>realpath \/srv\/project\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0634\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod -Rv 750 \/srv\/project\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>mode of '\/srv\/project' retained as 0750\nmode of '\/srv\/project\/config' changed from 0755 to 0750\nmode of '\/srv\/project\/config\/app.conf' changed from 0644 to 0750\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 <code>-v<\/code> \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod -Rc 750 \/srv\/project\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>mode of '\/srv\/project\/config' changed from 0755 to 0750\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 <code>-c<\/code> \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u06a9\u067e\u06cc Permission \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 Permission \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod --reference=source.txt destination.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>stat -c '%a %n' source.txt destination.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>640 source.txt\n640 destination.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u0631 Script\u0647\u0627 \u0648 Deployment\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0631\u0642\u0645\u06cc<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Permission \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0631\u0642\u0645\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>4755\n2755\n1777\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 Special Permission\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/th><th>Special Permission<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><code>4<\/code><\/td><td>SetUID<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>2<\/code><\/td><td>SetGID<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><code>1<\/code><\/td><td>Sticky Bit<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">SetUID \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SetUID \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 4755 application\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod u+s application\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -l application\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Jul 25 10:30 application\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u0631\u0641 <code>s<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634 Owner Execute \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 SetUID \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SetUID \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0647 root \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062d\u0630\u0641 SetUID<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod u-s application\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 0755 application\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -l application\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">SetGID \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SetGID \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod g+s application\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 2755 application\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-rwxr-sr-x\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">SetGID \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SetGID \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0622\u0646\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062b \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo chown root:developers \/srv\/developers\nsudo chmod 2770 \/srv\/developers\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -ld \/srv\/developers\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>drwxrws--- 2 root developers 4096 Jul 25 10:30 \/srv\/developers\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u0631\u0641 <code>s<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634 Group Execute \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 SetGID \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062d\u0630\u0641 SetGID<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod g-s \/srv\/developers\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 0770 \/srv\/developers\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sticky Bit \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sticky Bit \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc Sticky Bit\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>File owner\nDirectory owner\nroot\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/tmp\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -ld \/tmp\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>drwxrwxrwt 12 root root 4096 Jul 25 10:30 \/tmp\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u0631\u0641 <code>t<\/code> \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 Sticky Bit \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 Sticky Bit<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod +t \/srv\/shared\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 1777 \/srv\/shared\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -ld \/srv\/shared\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>drwxrwxrwt 2 root root 4096 Jul 25 10:30 \/srv\/shared\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062d\u0630\u0641 Sticky Bit<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod -t \/srv\/shared\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 0777 \/srv\/shared\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a s \u0648 S<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 SetUID \u06cc\u0627 SetGID \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0648 Execute \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 <code>s<\/code> \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-rwsr-xr-x\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 SetUID \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627 Execute \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af <code>S<\/code> \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-rwSr--r--\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af <code>S<\/code> \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod u+x application\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627 SetUID \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod u-s application\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a t \u0648 T<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 Sticky Bit \u0648 Execute \u0628\u062e\u0634 Other \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>drwxrwxrwt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 <code>t<\/code> \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 Sticky Bit \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627 Execute \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Other \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>drwxrwxrwT\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af <code>T<\/code> \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc SetUID<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo find \/ -xdev -type f -perm -4000 -ls 2&gt;\/dev\/null\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc SetGID:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo find \/ -xdev -type f -perm -2000 -ls 2&gt;\/dev\/null\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc Sticky Bit:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo find \/ -xdev -type d -perm -1000 -ls 2&gt;\/dev\/null\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 chmod \u0628\u0627 find \u0648 -perm<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc Permission \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 <code>777<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>find \/srv\/project -type f -perm 0777 -ls\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Other \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u200c\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>find \/srv\/project -perm -0002 -ls\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc Executable:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>find \/srv\/project -type f -perm \/111 -ls\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 Execute \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>find \/srv\/project -type d ! -perm -0100 -ls\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc Write \u0627\u0632 Other<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod o-w report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod -R o-w \/srv\/project\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>find \/srv\/project -perm -0002 -print\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u067e\u0633:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>find \/srv\/project -perm -0002 -exec chmod o-w {} +\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 600 credentials.conf\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 700 \/home\/ali\/private\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc SSH Private Key:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 600 ~\/.ssh\/id_ed25519\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 SSH:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 700 ~\/.ssh\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 600 ~\/.ssh\/authorized_keys\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>stat -c '%a %n' \\\n~\/.ssh \\\n~\/.ssh\/id_ed25519 \\\n~\/.ssh\/authorized_keys\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>700 \/home\/ali\/.ssh\n600 \/home\/ali\/.ssh\/id_ed25519\n600 \/home\/ali\/.ssh\/authorized_keys\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc Script \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 Script \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nano backup.sh\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>#!\/bin\/bash\n\necho \"Backup started\"\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 Permission \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -l backup.sh\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-rw-r--r-- 1 ali ali 43 Jul 25 10:30 backup.sh\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod u+x backup.sh\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>.\/backup.sh\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Backup started\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0628\u200c\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u060c Permission\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Directories: 755\nFiles: 644\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>find \/var\/www\/example.com -type d -exec chmod 755 {} +\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>find \/var\/www\/example.com -type f -exec chmod 644 {} +\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Directories: 750\nFiles: 640\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>find \/var\/www\/example.com -type d -exec chmod 750 {} +\nfind \/var\/www\/example.com -type f -exec chmod 640 {} +\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 Permission \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 PHP-FPM \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0628\u200c\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 640 \/var\/www\/example.com\/config.php\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 600 \/var\/www\/example.com\/config.php\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u0648\u0628 \u06cc\u0627 PHP \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u200c\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>uploads\ncache\nstorage\nsessions\nlogs\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 Permission <code>777<\/code> \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u200c\u062a\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo chown -R siteuser:www-data \/var\/www\/example.com\/storage\nsudo chmod -R u=rwX,g=rwX,o= \/var\/www\/example.com\/storage\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627 SetGID:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo chmod 2770 \/var\/www\/example.com\/storage\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo groupadd developers\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo usermod -aG developers ali\nsudo usermod -aG developers reza\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo mkdir -p \/srv\/developers\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo chown root:developers \/srv\/developers\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 Permission \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 SetGID:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo chmod 2770 \/srv\/developers\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Owner: Full access\nGroup: Full access\nOther users: No access\nNew entries inherit the developers group\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 <code>umask 007<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 Default ACL \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 chmod \u0628\u0627 umask<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 <code>chmod<\/code> \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>umask<\/code> \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>umask 027\ntouch report.txt\nmkdir project\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>New file: 640\nNew directory: 750\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 Permission \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 chmod \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 600 report.txt\nchmod 700 project\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 umask \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 chmod \u0628\u0627 ACL<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ACL \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc ACL:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>getfacl report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># file: report.txt\n# owner: ali\n# group: developers\nuser::rw-\nuser:reza:rw-\ngroup::r--\nmask::rw-\nother::---\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc ACL\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc Group \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc <code>ls -l<\/code> \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631 ACL Mask \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod g-w report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a Mask \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 Permission \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 <code>reza<\/code> \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>getfacl -e report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>user::rw-\nuser:reza:rw-                #effective:r--\ngroup::r--\nmask::r--\nother::---\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc chmod \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 ACL\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 <code>getfacl<\/code> \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 chmod \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">chmod \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>stat -c '%a %U %G %n' report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 Permission:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 640 report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 <code>chown<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo chown ali:developers report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 chmod \u0628\u0627 SELinux<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">chmod \u0641\u0642\u0637 Permission\u0647\u0627\u06cc Unix \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 AlmaLinux\u060c Rocky Linux \u0648 RHEL \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a SELinux \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>getenforce\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Enforcing\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc Context:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -Z \/var\/www\/example.com\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc Context \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo restorecon -Rv \/var\/www\/example.com\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc SELinux:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo ausearch -m AVC -ts recent\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc SELinux \u0627\u0632 <code>chmod 777<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 chmod \u0628\u0627 Read-only File System<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 Read-only \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c chmod \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>findmnt -T report.txt -o TARGET,FSTYPE,OPTIONS\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>TARGET FSTYPE OPTIONS\n\/data  ext4   ro,relatime\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f <code>ro<\/code> \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 Symbolic Link<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u060c Permission \u062e\u0648\u062f Symbolic Link \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -l current-config\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 Jul 25 10:30 current-config -&gt; \/etc\/app\/config\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc chmod \u0631\u0648\u06cc Symlink \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b Permission \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 640 current-config\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>readlink -f current-config\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 Symlink\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 Hard Link<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hard Link\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 Inode \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 Permission \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c Permission \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 Hard Link\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 Inode \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -li file1 file2\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>123456 -rw-r----- 2 ali developers 2048 Jul 25 10:30 file1\n123456 -rw-r----- 2 ali developers 2048 Jul 25 10:30 file2\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 600 file1\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -li file1 file2\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>123456 -rw------- 2 ali developers 2048 Jul 25 10:30 file1\n123456 -rw------- 2 ali developers 2048 Jul 25 10:30 file2\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062d\u0641\u0638 Permission \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u067e\u06cc<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0638 Permission \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 Attribute\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>cp -a \/srv\/source\/. \/srv\/destination\/\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627 rsync:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>rsync -a \/srv\/source\/ \/srv\/destination\/\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0638 ACL \u0648 Extended Attribute:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>rsync -aAX \/srv\/source\/ \/srv\/destination\/\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>stat -c '%a %U %G %n' \\\n\/srv\/source\/file.txt \\\n\/srv\/destination\/file.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0647\u06cc\u0647 Backup \u0627\u0632 Permission<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 Permission\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 ACL \u0628\u0627 <code>getfacl<\/code> \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo getfacl -R -p \/srv\/project &gt; \/root\/project-permissions.backup\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo setfacl --restore=\/root\/project-permissions.backup\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 ACL \u0648 Permission\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 chmod\u060c \u062a\u0647\u06cc\u0647 Backup \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 chmod \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 Script<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 Script \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>#!\/bin\/bash\n\nset -euo pipefail\n\ntarget=\"\/srv\/project\"\n\nif &#91;&#91; -z \"$target\" || \"$target\" == \"\/\" ]]; then\n    echo \"Unsafe target path\"\n    exit 1\nfi\n\nif &#91;&#91; ! -d \"$target\" ]]; then\n    echo \"Target directory does not exist\"\n    exit 1\nfi\n\n\/usr\/bin\/find \"$target\" \\\n    -type d \\\n    -exec \/usr\/bin\/chmod 750 {} +\n\n\/usr\/bin\/find \"$target\" \\\n    -type f \\\n    -exec \/usr\/bin\/chmod 640 {} +\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 Script\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 Command\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc <code>\/<\/code> \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0648 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0627 Permission \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0647\u200c\u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc chmod \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 <code>install<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo install \\\n-o ali \\\n-g developers \\\n-m 640 \\\n\/dev\/null \\\n\/srv\/project\/report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>stat -c '%a %U %G %n' \/srv\/project\/report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>640 ali developers \/srv\/project\/report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo install \\\n-d \\\n-o ali \\\n-g developers \\\n-m 750 \\\n\/srv\/project\/config\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c chmod<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc Operation not permitted<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod: changing permissions of 'report.txt': Operation not permitted\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc root \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 Read-only \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 Immutable \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u06cc NFS \u06cc\u0627 CIFS \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Container Capability \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SELinux \u06cc\u0627 Policy \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627 sudo \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo chmod 640 report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>stat -c '%U %G %a %n' report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 root \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f Permission \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc Immutable Attribute<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>lsattr report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>----i----------------- report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f <code>i<\/code> \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 Immutable \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo chattr -i report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 Permission:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo chmod 640 report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo chattr +i report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc No such file or directory<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod: cannot access 'report.txt': No such file or directory\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -l report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>realpath report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 Script\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 Absolute \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Permission \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Permission \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u0636\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ACL<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ACL Mask<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SELinux \u06cc\u0627 AppArmor<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Read-only \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NFS \u06cc\u0627 CIFS<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Container User Namespace<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>namei -l \/srv\/project\/report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc ACL:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>getfacl -e \/srv\/project\/report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ps -eo user,group,comm | grep application\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 Executable \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Permission \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -l script.sh\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Shebang:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>head -n 1 script.sh\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>#!\/bin\/bash\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 <code>noexec<\/code> Mount \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>findmnt -T script.sh -o TARGET,FSTYPE,OPTIONS\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>noexec\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 SELinux \u06cc\u0627 AppArmor \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0627 cd \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 <code>x<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod u+x \/srv\/project\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod g+x \/srv\/project\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>namei -l \/srv\/project\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 Permission \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -ld \/srv\/project\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 <code>w<\/code> \u0648 <code>x<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u060c Sticky Bit \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">chmod -R \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b Executable \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>find \/srv\/project -type f -exec chmod 640 {} +\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>find \/srv\/project -type d -exec chmod 750 {} +\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u067e\u0633 Script\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 Executable \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>find \/srv\/project\/scripts \\\n-type f \\\n-name '*.sh' \\\n-exec chmod 750 {} +\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">chmod \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 ACL\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ACL \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>getfacl -e report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 Mask \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo setfacl -m m::rw- report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627 ACL \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo setfacl -b report.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0630\u0641 ACL \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 Backup \u062a\u0647\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">chmod 777 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u200c\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0644 \u0646\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Wrong file owner\nWrong group\nParent directory permissions\nPHP-FPM user mismatch\nSELinux context\nRead-only filesystem\nApplication configuration\nACL restrictions\nContainer volume mapping\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ps -eo user,group,comm | grep -E 'nginx|apache2|httpd|php-fpm'\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SELinux:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>getenforce\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ACL:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>getfacl \/var\/www\/example.com\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc <code>chmod -R<\/code> \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0632 <code>chmod 777<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 <code>X<\/code> \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 Execute \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Permission \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc <code>600<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 <code>640<\/code> \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Permission \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc <code>700<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 <code>750<\/code> \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 SetGID \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u200c\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0632 Sticky Bit \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc SetUID \u0648 SetGID \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 chmod \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 ACL\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c ACL Mask \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SELinux \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 chmod \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 Permission\u0647\u0627 Backup \u062a\u0647\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0632 <code>--preserve-root<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f\u0631 Script\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 <code>\/<\/code> \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Permission\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 Permission \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 chmod \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0632 <code>777<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc <code>chmod -R 755<\/code> \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 Execute \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 Permission \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 Execute \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0646\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 chmod \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0646\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 ACL Mask<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0646\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 SELinux<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 Wildcard \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc chmod \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062d\u0630\u0641 SetUID \u06cc\u0627 SetGID \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 SetUID \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0627\u0645\u0646<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 Sticky Bit \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0646\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 Mount Option\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <code>noexec<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 Permission \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 Backup<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 Permission \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0686\u06a9\u200c\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc chmod \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Permission \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Permission \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 Executable \u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 <code>x<\/code> \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f Permission \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ACL \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ACL Mask \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SetUID \u0648 SetGID \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sticky Bit \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SELinux \u06cc\u0627 AppArmor \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mount Option\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a Recursive \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Permission\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627 <code>stat<\/code> \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Session \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f chmod<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 Permission:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -l file\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>stat -c '%a %A %U %G %n' file\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 644 file\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 640 file\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 600 file\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Script \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 755 script.sh\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Script \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 750 script.sh\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 755 directory\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 750 directory\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 700 directory\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 Execute:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod +x script.sh\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u0630\u0641 Write \u0627\u0632 Other:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod o-w file\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod -R u=rwX,g=rX,o= directory\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>find directory -type d -exec chmod 750 {} +\nfind directory -type f -exec chmod 640 {} +\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SetGID \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 2770 directory\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sticky Bit:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod 1777 directory\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06a9\u067e\u06cc Permission:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>chmod --reference=source destination\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062c\u0645\u0639\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 <code>chmod<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 Read\u060c Write \u0648 Execute \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Permission \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Numeric mode\nSymbolic mode\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 <code>4<\/code>\u060c <code>2<\/code> \u0648 <code>1<\/code> \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631 Read\u060c Write \u0648 Execute \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>644 = Owner read\/write, Group read, Other read\n640 = Owner read\/write, Group read, Other none\n600 = Owner read\/write only\n755 = Owner full, Group read\/execute, Other read\/execute\n750 = Owner full, Group read\/execute, Other none\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a Permission \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>X<\/code> \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0632 Executable \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 SetUID\u060c SetGID \u0648 Sticky Bit \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc ACL\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc chmod \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f ACL Mask \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a\u060c ACL\u060c SELinux\u060c Permission \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 Permission \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":19583,"parent":17706,"menu_order":22,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-17832","docs","type-docs","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"author_avatar":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/86d527e9d6c721b378b27e18daa8865e.jpg?ver=1786429443","author_name":"Fateme Moayed","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/17832","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17832"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/17832\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19666,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/17832\/revisions\/19666"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/17706"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19583"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17832"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=17832"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}