{"id":17828,"date":"2026-07-07T16:13:43","date_gmt":"2026-07-07T12:43:43","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2026-07-25T10:39:10","modified_gmt":"2026-07-25T07:09:10","slug":"guide-to-the-sudoers-file","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/guide-to-the-sudoers-file\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 sudoers\u061b \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 <code>root<\/code> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 <code>root<\/code> \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0646\u0627\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 <strong>sudo<\/strong> \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b <code>root<\/code>\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 sudo \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 <strong>sudoers<\/strong> \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 <code>\/etc\/sudoers.d<\/code> \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0627\u0632 sudoers \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc sudo \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0686\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 Host \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a sudo \u0686\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc sudo \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 sudoers\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">sudo \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">sudo \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a <strong>Superuser Do<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 Restart \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 Nginx \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>systemctl restart nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632 sudo \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo systemctl restart nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">sudo \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 sudoers \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc sudo \u0644\u0632\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 root \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a. \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 sudoers \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a sudo \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/etc\/sudoers\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/etc\/sudoers.d\/\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 Permission \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -l \/etc\/sudoers\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>-r--r----- 1 root root 1714 Jul 25 10:20 \/etc\/sudoers\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Permission \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>0440\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f <code>root<\/code> \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc Permission:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>stat -c '%a %U %G %n' \/etc\/sudoers\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>440 root root \/etc\/sudoers\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f sudoers \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u061f<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 sudoers \u0646\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nano \/etc\/sudoers\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>vim \/etc\/sudoers\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 Syntax \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0634\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc sudo \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0641\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 sudoers \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 <code>visudo<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo visudo\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 <code>visudo<\/code> \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 sudoers \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0647\u0645\u200c\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u060c Syntax \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0647\u0634\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0646\u0635\u0628 sudo<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u0647\u0627 sudo \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>command -v sudo\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/usr\/bin\/sudo\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u062f\u0631 Ubuntu \u0648 Debian<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc root:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>apt update\napt install sudo -y\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u062f\u0631 AlmaLinux\u060c Rocky Linux \u0648 RHEL<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>dnf install sudo -y\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo --version\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0639\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc sudo\u060c \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ubuntu \u0648 Debian<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 Ubuntu \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 <code>sudo<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo usermod -aG sudo ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0639\u0636\u0648\u06cc\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>id ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>uid=1001(ali) gid=1001(ali) groups=1001(ali),27(sudo)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 sudo \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>%sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">AlmaLinux\u060c Rocky Linux \u0648 RHEL<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 <code>wheel<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo usermod -aG wheel ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>id ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>uid=1001(ali) gid=1001(ali) groups=1001(ali),10(wheel)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 wheel \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>%wheel ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 Session \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc sudo \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo -l\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>User ali may run the following commands on server:\n    (ALL : ALL) ALL\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo -l -U ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 sudo \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo whoami\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>root\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 sudoers<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc Rule \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>USER HOST=(RUNAS_USER:RUNAS_GROUP) TAGS COMMANDS\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 Rule:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>User: ali\nHost: ALL\nRun as user: root\nAllowed command: \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 <code>ali<\/code> \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a <code>root<\/code> \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0628\u062e\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 sudoers<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">USER<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0627 <code>%<\/code> \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>%developers\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">HOST<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0686\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ALL\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0632 <code>ALL<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 Host \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali web-server=(root) \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0627\u0645 Host \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>hostname\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">RUNAS_USER<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 root:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>(root)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>(ALL)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">RUNAS_GROUP<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>(root:root)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>(ALL:ALL)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root:root) \/usr\/bin\/id\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">COMMANDS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 Argument\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/usr\/bin\/systemctl status nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>command -v systemctl\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/usr\/bin\/systemctl\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 sudo \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 Rule \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 <code>ali<\/code> \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \/etc\/sudoers.d<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 Rule\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 <code>\/etc\/sudoers<\/code>\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 <code>\/etc\/sudoers.d<\/code> \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0641\u06a9\u06cc\u06a9 Rule\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0648 Backup \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Automation \u0648 Configuration Management<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 <code>ali<\/code> \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo visudo -f \/etc\/sudoers.d\/ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) \/usr\/bin\/systemctl status nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc Permission \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 sudoers.d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f Permission \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 <code>0440<\/code> \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo chmod 440 \/etc\/sudoers.d\/ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo chown root:root \/etc\/sudoers.d\/ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>stat -c '%a %U %G %n' \/etc\/sudoers.d\/ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>440 root root \/etc\/sudoers.d\/ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0646\u0627\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc sudoers.d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali\ndevelopers\nnginx-operators\nbackup-admins\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Dots\nSpaces\nTemporary suffixes\nEditor backup suffixes\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc sudo \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 <code>.<\/code> \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627 <code>~<\/code> \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 Include Directory \u0646\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nginx-operators\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nginx-operators.conf\nnginx-operators~\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc Syntax \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 sudoers<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo visudo -c\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/etc\/sudoers: parsed OK\n\/etc\/sudoers.d\/ali: parsed OK\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo visudo -c -f \/etc\/sudoers.d\/ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/etc\/sudoers.d\/ali: parsed OK\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0646 Session \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a Nginx:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) \/usr\/bin\/systemctl status nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo \/usr\/bin\/systemctl status nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Sorry, user ali is not allowed to execute '\/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart nginx' as root.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 Restart \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 Restart \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 Nginx:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 Rule \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 Restart \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 Unit\u060c Drop-in \u06cc\u0627 Binary \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 Restart \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) \/usr\/bin\/systemctl status nginx, \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart nginx, \/usr\/bin\/systemctl reload nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 Line Continuation \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) \\\n    \/usr\/bin\/systemctl status nginx, \\\n    \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart nginx, \\\n    \/usr\/bin\/systemctl reload nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 Web Administrator:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) \\\n    \/usr\/bin\/systemctl status nginx, \\\n    \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart nginx, \\\n    \/usr\/bin\/systemctl reload nginx, \\\n    \/usr\/bin\/systemctl status php8.3-fpm, \\\n    \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart php8.3-fpm\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>command -v systemctl\nsystemctl list-unit-files | grep -E 'nginx|php'\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 Log \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 Log\u0647\u0627\u06cc Nginx:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) \/usr\/bin\/journalctl --no-pager -u nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo \/usr\/bin\/journalctl --no-pager -u nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>--no-pager<\/code> \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061b \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u06cc Pager\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc Command \u06cc\u0627 Shell Escape \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) \/usr\/bin\/journalctl --no-pager -u nginx -n 100\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 Command \u0648 Argument\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo \/usr\/bin\/journalctl --no-pager -u nginx -n 100\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u0627 sudoedit<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc Editor\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <code>vim<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 <code>nano<\/code> \u0628\u0627 sudo \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0646\u0627\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u061b \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u06cc Editor\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc Shell \u06cc\u0627 Command\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rule \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0646\u0627\u06a9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) \/usr\/bin\/vim \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>sudoedit<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) sudoedit \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudoedit \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>sudoedit<\/code> \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u060c \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 sudo \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 root<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 <code>appuser<\/code> \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rule:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(appuser) \/usr\/bin\/id\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo -u appuser \/usr\/bin\/id\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>uid=1002(appuser) gid=1002(appuser) groups=1002(appuser)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 <code>developers<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>%developers ALL=(root) \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a <code>%<\/code> \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f Rule \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0636\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>id ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo usermod -aG developers ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f Logout \u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 Login \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 NOPASSWD<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0636 sudo \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0632:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 NOPASSWD \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0646\u0627\u06a9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rule \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0632 <code>NOPASSWD<\/code> \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Command\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u200c\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 PASSWD \u0648 NOPASSWD<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0639\u0636\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0642\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) \\\n    NOPASSWD: \/usr\/bin\/systemctl status nginx, \\\n    PASSWD: \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Status command: No password required\nRestart command: Password required\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 Command Alias<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 <code>Cmnd_Alias<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Cmnd_Alias NGINX_CMDS = \\\n    \/usr\/bin\/systemctl status nginx, \\\n    \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart nginx, \\\n    \/usr\/bin\/systemctl reload nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u067e\u0633:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) NGINX_CMDS\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>%webadmins ALL=(root) NGINX_CMDS\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0627\u0645 Alias\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 User Alias<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 sudoers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>User_Alias WEB_ADMINS = ali, reza, sara\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u067e\u0633:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>WEB_ADMINS ALL=(root) NGINX_CMDS\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0627 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u061b \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0639\u0636\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 Runas Alias<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Runas_Alias APP_USERS = appuser, www-data\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 Rule:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(APP_USERS) \/usr\/bin\/id\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 Host Alias<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 sudoers \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Host_Alias WEB_SERVERS = web01, web02, web03\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u067e\u0633:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>%webadmins WEB_SERVERS=(root) NGINX_CMDS\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 Alias\u0647\u0627<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>User_Alias WEB_ADMINS = ali, reza\nHost_Alias WEB_SERVERS = web01, web02\nRunas_Alias ROOT_USER = root\n\nCmnd_Alias NGINX_CMDS = \\\n    \/usr\/bin\/systemctl status nginx, \\\n    \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart nginx, \\\n    \/usr\/bin\/systemctl reload nginx\n\nWEB_ADMINS WEB_SERVERS=(ROOT_USER) NGINX_CMDS\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 Argument\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">sudoers \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f Command \u0648 Argument\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rule \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 Restart \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 Nginx \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart ssh\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0631\u0686\u0647 Rule \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 Wildcard<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 Rule\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 Wildcard \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0646\u0627\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart *\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 Rule \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 Restart \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0647\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart ssh\nsudo \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart firewalld\nsudo \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart database\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) \/bin\/cat \/var\/log\/*\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wildcard\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627 Argument\u0647\u0627\u060c Space\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 Command \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0627\u0632\u062d\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a Command\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0635\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) \/bin\/cat \/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log, \/bin\/cat \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc Shell<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rule\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 root \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) \/bin\/bash\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) \/bin\/sh\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) \/usr\/bin\/su\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) \/usr\/bin\/sudo\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 Shell \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 root \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo \/bin\/bash\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>root\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc Shell\u060c <code>su<\/code>\u060c <code>sudo<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062e\u0637\u0631 Editor\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06cc<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0639\u0636\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc Shell \u06cc\u0627 Command \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>vim\nvi\nless\nmore\nman\nawk\nfind\ntar\nrsync\npython\nperl\nruby\nphp\nbash\nsh\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc root \u0628\u0647 <code>vim<\/code> \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc Shell \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rule \u067e\u0631\u062e\u0637\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) \/usr\/bin\/vim\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0646\u0627\u0645 Command \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u061b \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc Package Manager<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rule\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) \/usr\/bin\/apt *\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) \/usr\/bin\/dnf *\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Package Manager\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f Package\u060c Script \u0648 Repository\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc root \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc Package Manager \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 chmod \u0648 chown<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) \/usr\/bin\/chmod *\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) \/usr\/bin\/chown *\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u0627 Permission \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rule\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 Argument \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a ! \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 Command \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 <code>!<\/code> \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) ALL, !\/bin\/bash\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 Command \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 Shell \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sh\ndash\nsudo\nsu\npython\nperl\nvim\nless\nfind\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 <code>ALL<\/code> \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0686\u0646\u062f Command\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 Command\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0631\u0627 Allow \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 Command \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>command -v systemctl\ncommand -v journalctl\ncommand -v nginx\ncommand -v apt\ncommand -v dnf\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/usr\/bin\/systemctl\n\/usr\/bin\/journalctl\n\/usr\/sbin\/nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0632 sudo<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u060c sudo \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0627 <code>timestamp_timeout<\/code> \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 <code>ali<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Defaults:ali timestamp_timeout=5\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0646\u062c \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Defaults:ali timestamp_timeout=0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 Timeout \u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 Session:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Defaults:ali timestamp_timeout=-1\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc sudo<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641 Timestamp \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo -k\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c sudo \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo whoami\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 Credential\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo -K\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 sudo<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc Timestamp \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc Command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo -v\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 Script\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06cc sudo<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 <code>-n<\/code> \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo -n whoami\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo: a password is required\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Automation \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0627\u0645\u0627 Rule \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0632<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Defaults passwd_tries=3\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0632<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc sudo \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Defaults pwfeedback\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&#91;sudo] password for ali: ********\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 secure_path<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 <code>secure_path<\/code> \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0648\u062c\u0648\u06cc Command\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc sudo \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Defaults secure_path=\"\/usr\/local\/sbin:\/usr\/local\/bin:\/usr\/sbin:\/usr\/bin:\/sbin:\/bin\"\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc Binary\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0631 Rule\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 Command \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">sudo \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 Environment Variable\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 Environment:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo env\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 Environment \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo -E command\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0646\u0627\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u061b \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>PATH\nPYTHONPATH\nPERL5LIB\nLD_PRELOAD\nLD_LIBRARY_PATH\nEDITOR\nVISUAL\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062d\u0641\u0638 Environment \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 SETENV<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tag \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 Environment \u062f\u0631 sudo \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) SETENV: \/usr\/local\/bin\/application\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 Tag \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc sudo<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">sudo \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 Syslog \u06cc\u0627 Journal \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ubuntu \u0648 Debian<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062c\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0648\u062c\u0648\u06cc Log\u0647\u0627\u06cc sudo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo journalctl | grep sudo\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo grep sudo \/var\/log\/auth.log\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">AlmaLinux \u0648 RHEL<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo journalctl | grep sudo\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo grep sudo \/var\/log\/secure\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 Log:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali : TTY=pts\/0 ; PWD=\/home\/ali ; USER=root ; COMMAND=\/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 Log \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u06cc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 Log \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc sudo \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Defaults logfile=\"\/var\/log\/sudo.log\"\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo tail -f \/var\/log\/sudo.log\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Permission \u0648 Rotation \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 Log \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 Command\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 Rule\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo -l\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u06cc\u06a9 Command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo -l \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo -l -U ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc: \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f Nginx<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 <code>ali<\/code> \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a Nginx \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a Nginx \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nginx \u0631\u0627 Reload \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Log\u0647\u0627\u06cc Nginx \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo visudo -f \/etc\/sudoers.d\/nginx-operator\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Cmnd_Alias NGINX_OPERATOR = \\\n    \/usr\/bin\/systemctl status nginx, \\\n    \/usr\/sbin\/nginx -t, \\\n    \/usr\/bin\/systemctl reload nginx, \\\n    \/usr\/bin\/journalctl --no-pager -u nginx -n 100\n\nali ALL=(root) NGINX_OPERATOR\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Syntax \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo visudo -c\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/etc\/sudoers: parsed OK\n\/etc\/sudoers.d\/nginx-operator: parsed OK\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo -l -U ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc: \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Backup Script<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f Script \u0627\u0645\u0646 Backup \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/usr\/local\/sbin\/run-backup\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u0648 Permission \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo chown root:root \/usr\/local\/sbin\/run-backup\nsudo chmod 750 \/usr\/local\/sbin\/run-backup\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>stat -c '%a %U %G %n' \/usr\/local\/sbin\/run-backup\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>750 root root \/usr\/local\/sbin\/run-backup\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rule:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>backupuser ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: \/usr\/local\/sbin\/run-backup\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo \/usr\/local\/sbin\/run-backup\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 Script\u060c \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 Script \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a Script \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0634\u062f\u0647<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 sudo \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 Script \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>namei -l \/usr\/local\/sbin\/run-backup\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a Script:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>stat -c '%a %U %G %n' \/usr\/local\/sbin\/run-backup\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 Script \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0646\u0627\u06a9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>User-writable script\nUser-writable parent directory\nRelative command paths\nUntrusted configuration files\nUnvalidated user input\nWritable environment files\nWildcard expansion\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 Script\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 Command\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>#!\/bin\/bash\n\nset -euo pipefail\n\/usr\/bin\/tar -czf \/var\/backups\/data.tar.gz \/srv\/data\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>#!\/bin\/bash\n\ntar -czf \/var\/backups\/data.tar.gz \/srv\/data\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 sudoers \u0628\u0627 Editor \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>visudo<\/code> \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0632 Editor \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0627 Nano:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo EDITOR=nano visudo\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo EDITOR=nano visudo -f \/etc\/sudoers.d\/ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 Environment \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 Rule\u0647\u0627<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0686\u0646\u062f Rule \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0647 Rule\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo -l\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 sudoers\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642 Rule\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 Tag \u06cc\u0627 Rule \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rule\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u200c\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0632 Allow \u0648 Deny\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rule\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0646\u06af\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 <code>sudo -l -U USER<\/code> \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc sudo \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 sudo \u062f\u0631 Ubuntu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo gpasswd -d ali sudo\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 wheel \u062f\u0631 AlmaLinux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo gpasswd -d ali wheel\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u06cc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo rm -f \/etc\/sudoers.d\/ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u067e\u0633 Syntax \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo visudo -c\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0636\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>id ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo -l -U ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 Rule<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 Comment \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># ali ALL=(root) \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0632 <code>\/etc\/sudoers.d<\/code> \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 Session \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u06af\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c sudoers<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc user is not in the sudoers file<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali is not in the sudoers file.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 Ubuntu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>usermod -aG sudo ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 AlmaLinux:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>usermod -aG wheel ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc root \u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f Logout \u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 Login \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc syntax error near line<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\/etc\/sudoers: syntax error near line 25\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 <code>visudo<\/code> \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>visudo\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>visudo -f \/etc\/sudoers.d\/ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>visudo -c\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u060c Session \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc root \u06cc\u0627 sudo \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 sudoers.d \u0646\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ls -la \/etc\/sudoers.d\/\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Permission:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>stat -c '%a %U %G %n' \/etc\/sudoers.d\/ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>440 root root \/etc\/sudoers.d\/ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Syntax:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo visudo -c -f \/etc\/sudoers.d\/ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc Backup \u06cc\u0627 Temporary \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 sudo \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0636\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>id ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Session \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>su - ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 Logout \u0648 Login \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u067e\u0633:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo -l\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 Rule \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 sudoers \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo visudo\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ubuntu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>%sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">AlmaLinux:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">sudo \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f Tag \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Command \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627 Rule \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo -l\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a Rule \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc Tag <code>PASSWD<\/code> \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Command not allowed \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f Rule<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 Command \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>command -v systemctl\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rule:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Argument \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a Argument\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 Symlink \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f Space \u06cc\u0627 Option \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc bad permissions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo: \/etc\/sudoers.d\/ali is world writable\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo chown root:root \/etc\/sudoers.d\/ali\nsudo chmod 440 \/etc\/sudoers.d\/ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo visudo -c\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc sudo \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 Session \u0628\u0627\u0632 root\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 Session \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Syntax \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>visudo -c\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>visudo\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>visudo -f \/etc\/sudoers.d\/ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Provider console\nKVM console\nVNC console\nSerial console\nRescue mode\nSingle-user mode\nDirect root login if enabled\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 sudoers \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc Syntax \u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0634\u062a \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 sudoers \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627 <code>visudo<\/code> \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Rule\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 <code>\/etc\/sudoers.d<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u060c <code>visudo -c<\/code> \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Session \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u06af\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0628\u0647\u200c\u062c\u0627\u06cc <code>ALL<\/code> \u0641\u0642\u0637 Command\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 Command \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Argument\u0647\u0627\u06cc Command \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0632 Wildcard \u062a\u0627 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>NOPASSWD<\/code> \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc Shell\u060c Editor \u06cc\u0627 Interpreter \u0646\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Package Manager\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0632 <code>sudoedit<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Script \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0647 root \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u200c\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f Script \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u200c\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc sudo \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rule\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627 <code>sudo -l -U USER<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a sudoers \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 <code>\/etc\/sudoers<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 Rule \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc Syntax<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 <code>ALL<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 Command \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>NOPASSWD<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 Wildcard\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0627\u0645\u0646<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc <code>bash<\/code>\u060c <code>sh<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 <code>su<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc Editor\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627 root<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc Package Manager<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 Command \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 Script \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u200c\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0646\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 Script<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 Allow \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0686\u0646\u062f Deny \u0628\u0627 <code>!<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 Rule\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0646\u0627\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc <code>\/etc\/sudoers.d<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 Permission \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 Rule<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0646 Session root \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u200c\u0646\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 Log\u0647\u0627\u06cc sudo<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 Logout \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0686\u06a9\u200c\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc sudoers<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 sudo \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rule \u0628\u0627 <code>visudo<\/code> \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 <code>\/etc\/sudoers.d<\/code> \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 <code>root<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 <code>root<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Permission \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 <code>0440<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 Command \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Argument\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0627 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0632 Wildcard \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>NOPASSWD<\/code> \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Command \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0647 Shell \u06cc\u0627 Interpreter \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Script \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u200c\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>visudo -c<\/code> \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0627 <code>sudo -l -U USER<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Command \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Command \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Log \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc sudo \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Session \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f sudoers<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo visudo\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo visudo -f \/etc\/sudoers.d\/ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc Syntax:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo visudo -c\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo -l\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo -l -U ali\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 sudo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo whoami\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo -k\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo -v\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc Command \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo -u appuser command\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc Log:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo journalctl | grep sudo\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 Rule\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 sudo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>%sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 wheel:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Restart \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0632:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart nginx\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 Log:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) \/usr\/bin\/journalctl --no-pager -u nginx -n 100\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ali ALL=(root) sudoedit \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc Script \u0627\u0645\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>backupuser ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: \/usr\/local\/sbin\/run-backup\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062c\u0645\u0639\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 sudoers \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 root\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 <code>\/etc\/sudoers<\/code> \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f Rule\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 <code>\/etc\/sudoers.d<\/code> \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a sudoers \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>visudo\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 Syntax \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc sudo \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc Rule\u0647\u0627\u06cc sudo \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 <code>ALL<\/code>\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 Argument \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 <code>NOPASSWD<\/code>\u060c Wildcard\u0647\u0627\u060c Editor\u0647\u0627\u060c Shell\u0647\u0627\u060c Interpreter\u0647\u0627 \u0648 Script\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u200c\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f Syntax \u0628\u0627 <code>visudo -c<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0627 <code>sudo -l<\/code> \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc Command\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 root \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 root \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0646\u0627\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 sudo \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":19473,"parent":17706,"menu_order":20,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-17828","docs","type-docs","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"author_avatar":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/86d527e9d6c721b378b27e18daa8865e.jpg?ver=1786429443","author_name":"Fateme Moayed","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/17828","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17828"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/17828\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19474,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/17828\/revisions\/19474"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/17706"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19473"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17828"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=17828"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}