{"id":17808,"date":"2026-07-07T16:04:34","date_gmt":"2026-07-07T12:34:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/root-sudo-linux\/"},"modified":"2026-07-30T13:58:42","modified_gmt":"2026-07-30T10:28:42","slug":"root-sudo-linux","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/root-sudo-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 Root \u0648 sudo"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 sudo\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a Root \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 <strong>Root<\/strong> \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u200c\u06cc Users \u0648 Groups \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0627 Root \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u061b \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 Root \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 <code>su<\/code> \u0648 <code>sudo<\/code> \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Root \u06a9\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Root\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 <strong>UID \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627 0<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a Permission\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u2014 \u0646\u0647 Ownership\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u0647\u06cc\u0686\u200c\u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc Root \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 Root \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc Permission \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 Root \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u061f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a\u06cc:<\/strong> \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b <code>rm -rf<\/code> \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u063a\u0644\u0637) \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc (Accountability):<\/strong> \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 root \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0686\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631:<\/strong> \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062a root \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u06af\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 root\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 <code>su<\/code> \u0648 <code>sudo<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 sudo \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u0647 \u06f8\u06f0 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f1\u06f9\u06f8\u06f0 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 SUNY Buffalo \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641: \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 root\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u2014 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u2014 \u0647\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sudo.ws\/about\/history\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.sudo.ws\/about\/history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 <\/a>\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u0686\u0647 sudo \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">su \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 <code>su<\/code> (Substitute User) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u2014 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b root \u2014 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0628\u0647 root\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 (environment) \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>su<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647 root \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc root (\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u06cc).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>su -<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 root (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>su - username<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 login \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>su - username --command \"command\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 shell \u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>su --shell \/path\/to\/shell username<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647: \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>su<\/code>\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f owner \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc root \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 <code>su<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video height=\"1020\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 1898 \/ 1020;\" width=\"1898\" controls src=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/perform-action-as-another-user-1.mp4\"><\/video><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">sudo \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 <code>sudo<\/code> (SuperUser Do) \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 (\u062f\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc <code>sudo<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 <code>wheel<\/code> \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633) \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc root \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u2014 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 root \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc root (\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0645\u0632 root).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo command<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 Shell \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc root (\u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 su &#8211; \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 sudo).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo -i<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc (\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0632\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b root).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo -u username command<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>sudo<\/code> (\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062f\u0631 shell\u0647\u0627\u06cc bash \u0648 zsh).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo !!<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 sudo \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo -l<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u276f sudo -l\n&#91;sudo] password for &lt;user&gt;: \nMatching Defaults entries for &lt;user&gt; on &lt;machine&gt;:\n    secure_path=\/usr\/local\/sbin\\:\/usr\/local\/bin\\:\/usr\/bin\n\nRunas and Command-specific defaults for &lt;user&gt;:\n    Defaults!\/usr\/bin\/visudo env_keep+=\"SUDO_EDITOR EDITOR VISUAL\"\n\nUser &lt;user&gt; may run the following commands on &lt;machine&gt;:\n    (ALL : ALL) ALL<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645: \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 sudo \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0686\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 <code>\/etc\/sudoers<\/code> \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u2014 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/guide-to-the-sudoers-file\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/guide-to-the-sudoers-file\/\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u06cc sudoers \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 <code>visudo<\/code><\/a> \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a su \u0648 sudo<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">su<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">sudo<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0645\u0632<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f (root)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0627\u06af (Logging)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u0641\u200c\u062a\u0631<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 <code>\/var\/log\/auth.log<\/code> \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06cc<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u06cc\u0686<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Principle of Least Privilege (\u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646 (\u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 Ubuntu) \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 root \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 sudo \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648 \u06f1: \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647 root<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo systemctl restart nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648 \u06f2: \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0686\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc sudo \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo -l<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648 \u06f3: \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 Shell \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 root \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u200c\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo -i\n# multiple commands\nexit<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648 \u06f4: \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0686\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 sudo \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 (\u0639\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06cc)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sudo grep sudo \/var\/log\/auth.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 <code>auth.log<\/code> \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 <code>\/var\/log\/security\/<\/code> \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0648 \u0639\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u06f1. \u0644\u0627\u06af\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627 root<\/strong><br>\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc root \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0632 sudo \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627 root \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0646\u0627\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u06f2. \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc &#8220;user is not in the sudoers file&#8221;<\/strong><br>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0647\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 <code>\/etc\/sudoers<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 wheel\/sudo \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0648 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 sudoers \u062f\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/guide-to-the-sudoers-file\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/guide-to-the-sudoers-file\/\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u06cc sudoers \u0648 visudo<\/a> \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u06f3. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 su \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062c\u0627\u06cc su &#8211;<\/strong><br>\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc <code>su<\/code> \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u062a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 (environment) \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <code>su -<\/code> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u06f4. \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 sudo \u0647\u0645 \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/strong><br>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc sudo \u0646\u0627\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f (<code>ALL=(ALL) ALL<\/code>) \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 root \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0631 sudoers\u060c \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 sudo \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 <code>visudo<\/code> \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u200c\u06cc <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/guide-to-the-sudoers-file\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/guide-to-the-sudoers-file\/\">\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 sudoers<\/a><\/strong> \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc Permission \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u200c\u06cc <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/ownership-permissions-linux\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/ownership-permissions-linux\/\">Ownership \u0648 Permission \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/a><\/strong> \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man8\/sudo.8.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sudo(8) \u2014 man7.org<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man1\/su.1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">su(1) \u2014 man7.org<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sudo.ws\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.sudo.ws\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc sudo<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062c\u0645\u0639\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 Root\u060c \u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u067e\u0631\u0647\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u060c \u0648 \u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u2014 <code>su<\/code> \u0648 <code>sudo<\/code> \u2014 \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u060c sudo \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 sudoers \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 visudo \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u064b \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0686\u06cc\u062a \u0634\u06cc\u062a Root \u0648 sudo<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>su -<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647 root<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>su - username<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>sudo command<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc root<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>sudo -i<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 Shell \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 root<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>sudo -u username command<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>sudo -l<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 sudo\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a Root \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 Root \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":19817,"parent":17706,"menu_order":10,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-17808","docs","type-docs","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"author_avatar":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/07f927ddc7a7089c6ee50ce1ba04623d.jpg?ver=1786395584","author_name":"Ali 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