{"id":17797,"date":"2026-07-07T15:47:51","date_gmt":"2026-07-07T12:17:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3\/%d9%85%d9%87%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%86-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%be%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%da%a9%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%af%db%8c%d8%b1-%d8%b3\/"},"modified":"2026-08-01T10:04:51","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T06:34:51","slug":"sysadmins-essential-commands","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/sysadmins-essential-commands\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 sysadmin"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0631\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u2014 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 Process\u060c User \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644) \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 (Quick Reference) \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a sysadmin \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631\u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u2014 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a Process \u06cc\u0627 User \u2014 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

man<\/code><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 manual \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

man <command><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u06a9\u0633 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 man man<\/code> \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u0644\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tldr<\/code><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 tldr<\/code> \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 “too long; didn’t read” \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0637\u0646\u0632 \u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 man<\/code> \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0632\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f man <command><\/code> \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 <command><\/code> \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0686\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
uname -a<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0646\u0635\u0628\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cat \/etc\/os-release<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 Load Average\u061b \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
uptime<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 Hostname\u060c \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0644 \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc (\u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u200c\u06cc Hostname).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
hostnamectl<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
lscpu<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u066c \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a cpu \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 top<\/code> \u0648 htop<\/code> \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0644 (TUI) \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 btop <\/a>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"sysadmin<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 (Process Management)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d<\/th>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 ( \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc nginx)<\/td>ps aux | grep nginx<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 PID<\/td>kill 1234<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f<\/td>kill -9 1234<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 PID \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0627\u0645<\/td>pgrep nginx<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645: \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 kill \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0632 PID \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0648 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 RAM \u0648 Swap \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627 (-h<\/code> \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc human-readable).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
free -h<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc Mount\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
df -h<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u061b \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u062c\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 sort<\/code> \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
du -sh \/path\/to\/folder<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \/var<\/code>\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
du -sh \/var\/* | sort -hr<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 du<\/code> \u0627\u0632 disk usage \u0646\u0627\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n\n\n\n
df<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 dysk<\/code> \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a\u06cc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
lsblk<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 ncdu<\/code> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 ncdu<\/code> <\/a>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d<\/th>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc IP \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/td>ip addr show<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647<\/td>ip link<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 Listen<\/td>ss -tuln<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u062a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648 latency<\/td>ping 8.8.8.8<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u0686\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631<\/td>curl -I https:\/\/yourdomain.com<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
(\u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc) \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/td>netstat -tuln<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633<\/td>tracerout https:\/\/yourdomain.com<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0632 ping \u0648 traceroute<\/td>mtr 8.8.8.8<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a<\/td>wget https:\/\/example.com\/file.tar.gz<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/th>\u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
whoami<\/code><\/td>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc<\/td><\/tr>
id<\/code><\/td>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 UID, GID \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/td><\/tr>
w<\/code><\/td>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06af\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0647 + \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a<\/td><\/tr>
last<\/code><\/td>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0644\u0627\u06af\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631<\/td><\/tr>
passwd username<\/code><\/td>\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631<\/td><\/tr>
su - username<\/code><\/td>\u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631<\/td><\/tr>
sudo<\/code><\/td>\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc root<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d<\/th>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0644\u0627\u06af \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u062e\u0627\u0635 (systemd)<\/td>journalctl -u nginx -f<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u06af (\u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f)<\/td>tail -f \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645<\/td>cat \/var\/log\/auth.log<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 regex<\/td>grep \"Failed password\" \/var\/log\/auth.log<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u0644\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645<\/td>dmesg | tail<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645. \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0641\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639<\/strong> \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0686\u06cc\u062a \u0634\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/th>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645<\/td>uname -a<\/code>, free -h<\/code>, df -h<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/td>htop<\/code>, btop, ps aux<\/code>, kill<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0648 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc<\/td>du -sh<\/code>, df -h<\/code>, lsblk<\/code>, ncdu<\/td><\/tr>
\u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647<\/td>ip addr<\/code>, ss -tuln<\/code>, ping<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/td>whoami<\/code>, w<\/code>, last<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u0644\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/td>journalctl<\/code>, tail -f<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u067e\u06cc\u06a9<\/a> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0631\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u2014 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 Process\u060c User \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644) \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":18954,"parent":17706,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-17797","docs","type-docs","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"author_avatar":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/07f927ddc7a7089c6ee50ce1ba04623d.jpg?ver=1786395584","author_name":"Ali Mahdie","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/17797","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17797"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/17797\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19882,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/17797\/revisions\/19882"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/17706"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18954"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17797"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=17797"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}