{"id":17792,"date":"2026-07-07T14:44:01","date_gmt":"2026-07-07T11:14:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3\/%d8%a2%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%a7%db%8c%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%81%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%84%d9%87%d8%a7-%d9%88-%d8%af%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b1%da%a9%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c\/"},"modified":"2026-08-01T10:01:48","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T06:31:48","slug":"linux-filesystem-hierarchy-fhs","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/linux-filesystem-hierarchy-fhs\/","title":{"rendered":"FHS\u061b \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u06cc"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f\u060c <strong>\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/strong> \u06cc\u0627<strong>Linux Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0644 C: \u0648 D: \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647 (\/) \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0644\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f FHS \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0631\u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u062c\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0633 \u0628\u0632\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">FHS \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f (Filesystem Hierarchy Standard)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 <strong>FHS (Filesystem Hierarchy Standard)<\/strong> \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062c\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc FHS \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f <strong>\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/strong> \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 Ubuntu \u0628\u0647 Debian \u06cc\u0627 AlmaLinux \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u200c (\/home) \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647 (\/) \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627 (\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc) \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0632\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f LVM \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 (\/) \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\/home<\/strong> \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc. \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\/etc<\/strong> \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631. \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\/var<\/strong> \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645. \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627 (\/var\/log)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 (\/var\/www)\u060c \u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0633 \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\/usr<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631. \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\/bin \u0648 \/usr\/bin<\/strong> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\/sbin \u0648 \/usr\/sbin<\/strong> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u06cc (\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0642\u0637 root \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f).\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \/bin \u0648 \/sbin \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 symlink \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\/tmp<\/strong> \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\/boot<\/strong> \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 (\u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0644 \u0648 bootloader).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\/lib \u0648 \/usr\/lib<\/strong> \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\/opt<\/strong> \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc third party \u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\/root<\/strong> \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631root \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \/ \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\/dev<\/strong> \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\/proc<\/strong> \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\/mnt \u0648 \/media<\/strong> \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 (mount) \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0634 \u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06a9\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u06a9\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/home<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/etc<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a Apache, Nginx, MySQL, SSH \u0648 &#8230;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/var<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0644\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627 (<code>\/var\/log<\/code>)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/var\/log<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0644\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/usr<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 utilities<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/tmp<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0634<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/boot<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0644 \u0648 GRUB<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/opt<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0628 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/root<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 root<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc root<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/dev<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/proc<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 (virtual)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>ls \/<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>ls -ltrha \/etc<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>cd \/path<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>pwd<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>tree -L 2 \/<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062e\u062a\u06cc (\u062a\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u06f2)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>du -sh \/folder<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>df -h<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>find \/path -name \"*.conf\"<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>locate sample.txt<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>cat<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>less<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 scrollable<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>head<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc <\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>tail -f<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc (\u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631:  <code>cd \/var\/log\/nginx<\/code> \u06cc\u0627 <code>cd \/var\/log\/apache2<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631: <code>cat \/var\/log\/&lt;log_file_name&gt; | less<\/code>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c| \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0686\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 log\u0647\u0627: <code>du -sh \/var\/log<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a: <code>find \/etc -name \"nginx.conf\"<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06f2\u06f0 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627  .html \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f: <code>locate \"*.html\" -n 20<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627 pwd \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc du \u0627\u0632 ncdu \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc TUI \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"556\" src=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ncdu-ubuntu-1024x556.webp\" alt=\"fhs, storage usage with ncdu\" class=\"wp-image-19211\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ncdu-ubuntu-1024x556.webp 1024w, https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ncdu-ubuntu-300x163.webp 300w, https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ncdu-ubuntu-768x417.webp 768w, https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ncdu-ubuntu-1536x834.webp 1536w, https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ncdu-ubuntu-370x200.webp 370w, https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ncdu-ubuntu.webp 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f <strong>FHS<\/strong> \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f. \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u2014 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\/etc \u2192 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\/var \u2192 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0644\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\/home \u2192 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\/usr \u2192 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0686\u06cc\u062a \u0634\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/etc<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>cd \/etc &amp;&amp; ls<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/var\/log<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0644\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>tail -f \/var\/log\/syslog<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/home<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>cd \/home<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/tmp<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>cd \/tmp<\/code><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>\/boot<\/code><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062a<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><code>ls \/boot<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627<a href=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/linux-fundamentals\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/linux-fundamentals\/\"> \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 Linux<\/a> \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u067e\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062f\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f <a href=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/sysadmins-essential-commands\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/docs\/linux\/sysadmins-essential-commands\/\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647<\/a> \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/refspecs.linuxfoundation.org\/FHS_3.0\/fhs\/index.html\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/refspecs.linuxfoundation.org\/FHS_3.0\/fhs\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u200c FHS <\/a>\u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u06cc\u0627Linux Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0644 C: \u0648 D: \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647 (\/) \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631\u06a9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":18955,"parent":17706,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-17792","docs","type-docs","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"author_avatar":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-content\/litespeed\/avatar\/07f927ddc7a7089c6ee50ce1ba04623d.jpg?ver=1786395584","author_name":"Ali Mahdie","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/17792","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/docs"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17792"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/17792\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19880,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/17792\/revisions\/19880"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs\/17706"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18955"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17792"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maralhost.com\/kb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tag?post=17792"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}